changed over to

1. to change; 2. to alter; 3. to vary; 4. to fluctuate

Русский глагол изменять описывает действие в его общем виде без уточнения характера объекта и степени изменения. Английские эквиваленты кроме общего названия действия уточняют характер и степень изменения и его отношение к объекту.

1. to change — изменять, изменить, измениться, менять, меняться, обменять, разменять, делать пересадку (может включать полное изменение, превращение в другой вид или состояние): to change plans — изменять планы; to change the sheets/the bed — сменить белье на постели; to change one's job (the tyre) — сменить работу (шину); to change one's flat — поменять квартиру/переменить квартиру; to change places with smb — поменяться с кем-либо местами; to change a twenty dollar bill — разменять купюру в двадцать долларов; to change a baby — перепеленать ребенка/поменять пеленки ребенку; to change one's dress — сменить платье/переодеться; to change the furniture around — переставить мебель; to change one's seat — пересаживаться/пересесть; to change trains — делать пересадку; to change gear — переключать скорость; lo change one's tone — переменить тон The house has changed hands. — Дом перешел к другому владельцу. This car has changed hands several times. — Эта машина переходила несколько раз из рук в руки. I have changed my mind. — Я передумал./Я раздумал. The time of the meeting has been changed. — Время заседания перенесли. Times change. — Времена меняются. You have not changed al all. — Вы совсем не изменились. His expression changed. — Он переменился в лице. The weather has changed. — Погода переменилась. Don't bother to change for dinner. — Переодеваться к обеду не надо. We will have to change twice. — Нам придется сделать две пересадки. All change! — Поезд дальше не идет!/Здесь пересадка! The wind changed from north to east. — Северный ветер сменился восточным. We have changed over from solid fuel to electricity. — Mы перешли с твердого топлива (угля, торфа, дров) на электричество. Не has changed over to modern languages. — Он переключился на изучение современных языков. She has changed since she went to college, she is quite a different person now. — Она переменилась после того, как начала ходить в колледж, теперь это совсем другой человек. It is amusing to sec how things change wilh limes. — Интересно наблюдать, как со временем меняется жизнь.

2. to alter — изменять, видоизменять, меняться, изменяться (обозначает не полное изменение, а лишь некоторое видоизменение, чем он и отличается от глагола to change или постепенное изменение в течение длительного периода, в чем он сближается с глаголом to change): to alter course — менять курс; to alter a dress — переделать платье That alters things/the case. — Это меняет дело. I found her very much altered. — Я нашел ее сильно изменившейся./Я обнаружил, что она сильно изменилась. The town has altered a lot. — Город сильно изменился./Город во многом стал другим./В городе многое изменилось. Her face has altered much over the years. — С годами у нее сильно изменилось лицо. My home town has not altered much since I was there last. — Мой родной город почти не изменился с тех пор, когда я был там в последний раз. How do you want this dress altered? — Как вы хотите переделать это платье?

3. to vary — изменять, изменить, менять, меняться, разнообразить, варьировать (изменения, которые происходят часто и в разных направлениях): to vary one's methods (one's diet) — разнообразить методы (диету) The price varies with the season. — Цена может меняться в зависимости от сезона. His mood varies with weather. — У него настроение меняется в зависимости от погоды. How much milk do you use a day? — Oh, it varies. — Сколько у вас уходит молока вдень? — Ох, по-разному. We played chess at six o'clock every evening, and it never varied over these twenty years. — В шесть часов вечера мы всегда играем в шахматы и ни разу за эти двадцать лет не изменили этому правилу. The price of coffee varies from… to…. — Кофе стоит от… до….

4. to fluctuate — изменять, изменить, переменить (описывает изменение, которое может колебаться от верхнего уровня к нижнему и обратно): Blood pressure may fluctuate several times in the course of the day. — Кровяное давление может меняться несколько раз в течение дня./Артериальное давление может меняться несколько раз в день. Prices for some goods fluctuate a lot. — Цены на некоторые товары очень часто то подскакивают, то падают.

to change over to.

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(v.) = switch over, switch to, transmute into, move to, change over to

Ex. Not finding a particular item in the region, the search would be switched over to the national data base, and the record could be supplied.

Ex. The cataloger can switch to entering records in the local catalog with the code 'p'.

Ex. All of these can be painlessly transmuted into natural, androgynous forms, e.g., city councilmen becoming city council members; firemen: fire fighters; longshoremen: longshore workers.

Ex. The report's overall objective is to present both the technical aspects of OSI and the critical organizational issues that must be considered in moving to an OSI environment.

Ex. The 12 countries in the euro zone changed over to the single currency on 1 January 1999.

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swicth, change, shift move

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change over, changed over, changed over, changing over

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change; shift, move

http://www.balifolder.com

trade, commute

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change over, changed over, changed over, changing over

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change

http://www.balifolder.com

(v.) = provide + reasons

Ex. This article describes how the librarian's role has changed over the years from a job to a profession and provides reasons for the change.

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(n.) = instruction librarian

Ex. While this goal has remained consistent, the pedagogical models applied by instruction librarians have changed over time = Aunque este objetivo ha permanecido constante, los modelos pedagógicos utilizados por los bibliotecarios encargados de la formación de usuarios han cambiado con el tiempo.

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(v.) = keep + abreast of, keep + pace with, keep up with, stay + abreast of, keep + a finger on the pulse of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with

Ex. These are designed to include the main points of interest on any issue to the general reader who wishes to keep abreast of current events without having to refer to any further documentation.

Ex. In the light of the information explosion, no researcher can now realistically expect to keep pace with developments in his own field, let alone those in allied fields = En vista del crecimiento vertiginoso de la información, siendo realista ahora el investigador no puede mantenerse al día en los avances de su propio campo y mucho menos de los de campos afines.

Ex. More powerful, feature-filled hardware and software is coming onto the market daily and merely keeping up with what is new is taking up more and more time.

Ex. This strategy enables companies to learn of new technologies, stay abreast of dynamic changes and trends, and avoid creative stagnancy.

Ex. Further, routine introduction of data into the planning process can help managers keep a finger on the pulse of change = Además, la introducción regular de información en el proceso de planificación puede ayudar a los responsables a mantenerse al día.

Ex. Reference librarians need to stay in step with the growing number of state, regional, national, and international information networks currently available in order to assist their users.

Ex. The model needs good adaptability and scalability to keep in step with the rapidly developing World Wide Web.

Ex. Although they changed over time, they failed to keep step with the broad social changes affecting women's lives in the early 20th century.

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(v.) = keep in + sync, keep + a finger on the pulse of, keep + track of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with

Ex. The librarians have the capabilities to morph sucessfully to keep in sync, so to speak, with the new technologies.

Ex. Further, routine introduction of data into the planning process can help managers keep a finger on the pulse of change = Además, la introducción regular de información en el proceso de planificación puede ayudar a los responsables a mantenerse al día.

Ex. The functions described in this chapter are used to keep track of and control the library's subscriptions to periodicals and serials.

Ex. Reference librarians need to stay in step with the growing number of state, regional, national, and international information networks currently available in order to assist their users.

Ex. The model needs good adaptability and scalability to keep in step with the rapidly developing World Wide Web.

Ex. Although they changed over time, they failed to keep step with the broad social changes affecting women's lives in the early 20th century.

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monocurrency.

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(n.) = single currency

Ex. The 12 countries in the euro zone changed over to the single currency on 1 January 1999.

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single currency

(v.) = provide + reasons

Ex. This article describes how the librarian's role has changed over the years from a job to a profession and provides reasons for the change.

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redistributional.

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ADJ redistributive

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= redistributive.

Nota: Aplicado generalmente a la aplicación de políticas sociales para ayudar a los más necesitados.

Ex. This study compares data from various studies to see how the nature of the state's redistributive role has changed over the past seventy years.

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= redistributive.

Nota: Aplicado generalmente a la aplicación de políticas sociales para ayudar a los más necesitados.

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redistributive

una política redistributiva justa a just o fair redistributive policy

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redistributivo, -a adj

redistributive

(n.) = euro zone, the, euro zone, the, euro area, the

Ex. The 12 countries in the euro zone changed over to the single currency on 1 January 1999.

Ex. The 12 countries in the euro zone changed over to the single currency on 1 January 1999.

Ex. In the past, card payments have not been as popular in the euro area as other payment instruments, such as credit transfers and direct debits.

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la zona del euro

nom propre Marianne ( female figure personifying the French Republic)

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Marianne npr Marianne.

ⓘ Marianne The symbolic female figure often used to represent the French Republic. There are statues of her in public places all over France and she also appears on the standard French stamp. She is always depicted wearing the Phrygian bonnet, a pointed cap which became one of the symbols of liberty as represented by the 1789 Revolution.

[marjan] nom propre

[figure] Marianne (personification of the French Republic)

Marianne is the personification of the French Republic; there is a bust of her in every town hall in France, and her portrait appears on French stamps. Her face has changed over the years, but she can always be recognized by the bonnet phrygien she wears. Brigitte Bardot and Catherine Deneuve, and in more recent years Inès de la Fressange and Laetitia Casta, have been used as models for Marianne.